BACK I RETURN I NEXT I SUMMARY I Any Questions ? I

Other musculature
 

  1. Gill musculature

      --- Entire somatic musculature

            <--- Innervated by the spinal nerves except for the eye-muscles

           Visceral gill musculature

            <--- Innervated by the cranial nerves

      --- Not visceral origin but somatic origin

            ---> Thus, an oral extension of the abdominal musculature

                    <--- Thus, innervated by the nerves of the anterior portion of the spinal cord

      --- Considerably simplified in teleostei

      1) Coraco-mandibular muscle
 

          --- Missing in teleostei

               Still found in sturgeons

          --- From the 3rd hypobranchial bone to the lower jaw

      2) Coraco-hyoid muscle
 

          --- Synonyms : Cleido-hyoid muscle\ Sterno-hyoid muscle

          --- The most important\largest muscle in teleostei

                --- Unpaired, cone-shaped

          --- Origin

                --- Cleithra\ Abdominal muscles

                        ---> Running to urohyal bone

                               --- Participated by 2 - 4 myomeres

                --- Coracoid in sturgeon

      3) Pharyngo-clavicular muscle
 

          --- Synonyms : coraco-branchial muscle
 

          --- Origin

                 --- The 5th gill arch (Claviculae or cleithra)

          --- Vagal innervation (10th cranial nerve) in teleostei

                 --- Spinal nerves in lower fish

          (1) External pharyngo-clavicular muscle

          (2) Internal pharyngo-clavicular muscle

  2. Visceral musculature

      --- Gill\ Hyoid\ Jaw arches
 

           Intestine
            --- Digestive system

      --- Entirely different ontogeny from that of the somatic muscualture

           --- Mesenchyme of the splanchnopleura

                ---> Functional requirement for rapid contraction(Respiration\ Food intake)

                       ---> Striated muscle

      --- Especially having complicated branchial musculature in petromyzon

              --- Present in individual gill sacs
 

                   Highly-developed tongue apparatus

                   --- 37 different head muscles

                   Petromyzon> Elasmobranchii >Teleostei in complexity

  3. Musculature of the mandibular arch

      --- Rather confusing in nomenclature

            --- Lubosch, 1938

      1) Dosal constrictor
 

         --- Located dorsally on the mandibular arch next to the neurocranium

                --- Highly variable, as is the shape of the fish-skull
 

                --- Also called as dorsal constrictor 1 as a synom
                       --- Due to its location on the 1st gill arch (= oromandibular arch) 

         --- Innervated by the 3rd branch of the trigeminal nerve 
 

         (1) Levator of palatine arch 구개궁거근
 

             --- The most important portion
 

             --- Origin

                  --- Lateral wall of the skull

                        ---> ie., sphenotic

                                --- Also originated from hyomandibular in the cyprinidae

                  Insertion

                  --- Metapterygoid\ also to hyomandibular

                  --- Between the middle\deep layers of the mandibular adductor

         (2) Dilator of opercle 새개확대근
 

             --- Usually cannot separated from the (a)

                    --- Pterotic bone
                           ---> Medio-dorsal corner of the opercular

         (3) Constrictor of opercle 새개축소근
 

             --- Highly variable

             --- Innervation of trigeminal nerve (V)

      2) Adductor of mandible 하악내전근, 저작근
 

         --- Chewing muscles

         --- Being the most variable muscle in the fish head

              ---> Species\ Subspecies\ Individuals

                    Occasional different-development on the left and right sides of the body

         --- Originated form all the bones participating in the formation of the suspensorium

              --- (1)\(2)

                      --- Metapterygoid\ Hyomandibular bone\ Preopercular bone\ Quadrate

                   (1)\(2) with superficially located heads

                      --- Symplectic

                           Bony cheek-armour in species in which this armour is developed

         --- 4 layers of muscles

             --- A single sub-layer in salmo., ie usually consisting of two, occasionally three layers

             (1) Maxillary muscle (Superficial layer)
 

                 --- Insertion

                      --- Lower jaw\ Maxilla

                           --- Typical in teleostei

                                By means of ligamentum primordiale in silurus
 

                 --- Very thin and easy to overlook in pike (Esox)/  Entirely missing in salmonidae (Salmo)

                 --- Closure of the mouth opening
 

             (2) Mandibular muscle (Middle and deep layers)
 

                 --- Origin

                       --- Cranial vault in gadidae, and in pike(Esox) with m. maxillaris

                       --- Middle of the skull roof in the eel in both cases of m. maxillaris and mandibularis

                 --- Insertion

                       --- Meckel's cartilage\ Dentale

             (3) Mental muscle (Symphysal layer)
 

                 --- Stretching across the symphysis between the articular and the dentale
 

                 --- Origin

                       --- Tendon at insertion part of the mandibular muscles
 

                      Insertion
                      --- Inner sides of the right\left lower jaws

                  --- A strong muscle in almost all teleostei/  Missing in some clupeidae/   Weak in Ictalurus 
 

      3) Ventral constrictor 1
 

         --- Synonym : Anterior intermandibular muscle

         --- Always present but rather small

               --- Connection of the dentales of the both sides at the tip of the lower jaw

         --- Innervation by the 3rd branch of the  trigeminal nerve (V)
 

4. Musculature of hyoid arch

5. Musculature of gill arch

I BACK I RETURN I NEXT I SUMMARY I Any Questions ? I